Kalmar CNC tana nufin "ikon ƙididdiga na kwamfuta," kuma CNC machining an ayyana shi azaman tsarin masana'antu mai rahusa wanda yawanci yana amfani da sarrafa kwamfuta da kayan aikin injin don cire yadudduka na kayan daga wani yanki (wanda ake kira blank ko workpiece) da kuma samar da al'ada- tsara sashi.
Tsarin yana aiki akan nau'ikan kayan aiki, gami da ƙarfe, filastik, itace, gilashi, kumfa da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana da aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, kamar manyan injinan CNC da CNC kammala sassan sararin samaniya.
Halayen CNC machining
01. Babban digiri na aiki da kai da ingantaccen samarwa sosai. Ban da ƙwanƙwasa komai, duk sauran hanyoyin sarrafawa ana iya kammala su ta kayan aikin injin CNC. Idan an haɗa shi da lodi ta atomatik da saukewa, yana da mahimmanci na masana'anta marasa matuka.
Gudanar da CNC yana rage aikin mai aiki, inganta yanayin aiki, yana kawar da alama, matsawa da yawa da matsayi, dubawa da sauran matakai da ayyukan taimako, da kuma inganta ingantaccen samarwa.
02. Daidaitawa ga abubuwan sarrafa CNC. Lokacin canza kayan aiki, ban da canza kayan aiki da warware hanyar clamping mara amfani, kawai ana buƙatar sake tsarawa ba tare da wasu gyare-gyare masu rikitarwa ba, wanda ke rage sake zagayowar shirye-shiryen samarwa.
03. High aiki daidai da barga ingancin. Daidaiton girman sarrafawa yana tsakanin d0.005-0.01mm, wanda rikitattun sassan ba ya shafar su, saboda yawancin ayyuka ana kammala su ta atomatik. Sabili da haka, girman sassan batch yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana amfani da na'urorin gano matsayi akan kayan aikin injin da aka sarrafa daidai. , ƙara haɓaka daidaiton mashin ɗin CNC daidai.
04. CNC aiki yana da manyan halaye guda biyu: na farko, zai iya inganta ingantaccen aiki sosai, gami da daidaiton ingancin aiki da daidaiton kuskuren lokaci; na biyu, sake maimaita ingancin sarrafawa na iya daidaita ingancin sarrafawa da kiyaye ingancin sassan da aka sarrafa.
Fasaha machining CNC da iyakokin aikace-aikace:
Daban-daban hanyoyin sarrafawa za a iya zaba bisa ga abu da kuma bukatun na machining workpiece. Fahimtar hanyoyin injuna gama gari da iyakokin aikace-aikacensu na iya ba mu damar samun mafi dacewa hanyar sarrafa sashe.
Juyawa
Hanyar sarrafa sassa ta amfani da lathes ana kiranta tare da juyawa. Yin amfani da kayan aikin jujjuyawa, ana kuma iya sarrafa filaye masu lanƙwasa yayin ciyarwar da ke juyawa. Juyawa kuma na iya aiwatar da filayen zaren, jirage masu ƙarewa, raƙuman ruwa, da sauransu.
Daidaiton juyowa gabaɗaya IT11-IT6 ne, kuma ƙarancin saman shine 12.5-0.8μm. Yayin jujjuya mai kyau, yana iya kaiwa IT6-IT5, kuma rashin ƙarfi na iya kaiwa 0.4-0.1μm. Yawan aiki na juyawa aiki yana da girma, tsarin yankan yana da sauƙi, kuma kayan aikin suna da sauƙi.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: hakowa cibiyar ramukan, hakowa, reaming, tapping, cylindrical juya, m, juya karshen fuska, juya tsagi, juya kafaffun saman, juya taper saman, knurling, da zare juya.
Milling
Milling wata hanya ce ta amfani da kayan aiki mai kaifi da yawa (mai yankan niƙa) akan injin niƙa don sarrafa kayan aikin. Babban motsi na yanke shine juyawa kayan aiki. Dangane da ko babban jagorar saurin motsi yayin niƙa daidai yake da ko akasin hanyar ciyarwar kayan aikin, an raba shi zuwa niƙa ƙasa da niƙa.
(1) Ciwon daji
A kwance bangaren na milling karfi ne iri daya da feed shugabanci na workpiece. Yawancin lokaci akwai tazara tsakanin dunƙule abinci na tebur workpiece da ƙayyadaddun goro. Saboda haka, da yankan karfi iya sauƙi sa workpiece da worktable su ci gaba tare, haifar da ciyar kudi zuwa ba zato ba tsammani ya karu. Ƙara, haifar da wukake.
(2) Counter milling
Zai iya guje wa al'amuran motsi da ke faruwa yayin saukar niƙa. Yayin da ake yin niƙa, ƙananan kauri a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga sifili, don haka yankan gefen ya fara fuskantar mataki na matsi da zamewa a kan ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙwanƙwasa, haɓaka kayan aiki.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: Milling jirgin sama, mataki niƙa, tsagi niƙa, kafa saman niƙa, karkace tsagi niƙa, kaya milling, yankan
Tsara
Gudanar da tsare-tsare gabaɗaya yana nufin hanyar sarrafawa da ke amfani da na'ura don yin juzu'i mai jujjuyawar linzamin kwamfuta dangane da aikin da ke kan na'urar don cire abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri.
Daidaitaccen tsari na iya kaiwa ga IT8-IT7 gabaɗaya, ƙarancin ƙasa shine Ra6.3-1.6μm, shimfidar shimfidar wuri na iya kaiwa 0.02/1000, kuma ƙarancin ƙasa shine 0.8-0.4μm, wanda shine mafi girma don sarrafa manyan simintin gyare-gyare.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: shirin lebur saman, tsara saman saman, tsara matakin saman, tsara matakan dama-dama, shirin bevels, shirin dovetail grooves, shirin tsaran tsagi mai siffar D, tsarar ragi mai nau'in V, tsara saman mai lankwasa, tsara manyan hanyoyin cikin ramuka, shirye-shiryen raƙuman ruwa, shimfidar abubuwan da aka haɗa
Nika
Nika wata hanya ce ta yankan saman workpiece akan injin niƙa ta amfani da dabaran niƙa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ( dabaran niƙa ) azaman kayan aiki. Babban motsi shine jujjuyawar dabaran niƙa.
Madaidaicin niƙa na iya isa IT6-IT4, kuma ƙarancin ƙasa Ra na iya kaiwa 1.25-0.01μm, ko ma 0.1-0.008μm. Wani fasalin nika shi ne cewa yana iya sarrafa kayan ƙarfe masu tauri, waɗanda ke cikin iyakokin gamawa, don haka galibi ana amfani da shi azaman matakin sarrafawa na ƙarshe. Dangane da ayyuka daban-daban, ana iya raba niƙa zuwa niƙa na silinda, niƙa rami na ciki, niƙa lebur, da sauransu.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: cylindrical nika, ciki cylindrical nika, surface nika, form nika, thread nika, kaya nika
Yin hakowa
Tsarin sarrafa ramukan ciki daban-daban akan injin hakowa ana kiransa hakowa kuma shine mafi yawan hanyar sarrafa ramuka.
Madaidaicin hakowa yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya IT12 ~ IT11, kuma ƙarancin ƙasa shine gabaɗaya Ra5.0 ~ 6.3um. Bayan hakowa, haɓakawa da reaming galibi ana amfani da su don kammalawa da ƙarewa. Daidaiton sarrafa reaming gabaɗaya IT9-IT6 ne, kuma ƙarancin saman shine Ra1.6-0.4μm.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: hakowa, reaming, reaming, tapping, strontium ramukan, scraping saman
M aiki
Yin aiki mai ban sha'awa shine hanyar sarrafawa wanda ke amfani da na'ura mai ban sha'awa don haɓaka diamita na ramukan da ke ciki da kuma inganta inganci. M aiki da aka yafi dogara ne a kan juyawa motsi na m kayan aiki.
Madaidaicin aiki mai ban sha'awa yana da girma, gabaɗaya IT9-IT7, kuma ƙarancin ƙasa shine Ra6.3-0.8mm, amma ingancin samarwa na aiki mai ban sha'awa yana da ƙasa.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: high-madaidaicin rami sarrafa, mahara rami karewa
sarrafa saman haƙori
Ana iya raba hanyoyin sarrafa saman haƙori zuwa nau'i biyu: hanyar kafa da hanyar tsara.
Kayan aikin injin da aka yi amfani da shi don sarrafa saman hakori ta hanyar kafawa gabaɗaya injin niƙa ne na yau da kullun, kuma kayan aikin shine abin yankan niƙa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙungiyoyi masu sauƙi guda biyu: motsi na juyawa da motsi na kayan aiki. Kayan aikin injin da aka fi amfani da shi don sarrafa saman hakori ta hanyar tsara sune injina na hobbing, na'urorin siffata kaya, da sauransu.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: gears, da dai sauransu.
Haɗaɗɗen sarrafa saman
Yanke filaye masu lankwasa mai girma uku yana amfani da kwafin niƙa da hanyoyin niƙa na CNC ko hanyoyin sarrafawa na musamman.
Iyakar aikace-aikace: abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da rikitattun filaye masu lanƙwasa
EDM
Mashin ɗin fitarwa na lantarki yana amfani da babban zafin jiki da ke haifar da fitar da walƙiya nan take tsakanin injin kayan aiki da na'urar lantarki don lalata saman kayan aikin don cimma mashin ɗin.
Iyakar aikace-aikacen:
① Yin aiki da wuya, gaggautsa, m, taushi da high-narke conductive kayan;
②Tsarin kayan aikin semiconductor da kayan da ba sa aiki;
③ Gudanar da nau'ikan ramuka daban-daban, ramukan lanƙwasa da ƙananan ramuka;
④ Ana aiwatar da manyan cavities masu lankwasa daban-daban masu girma uku, kamar ɗakunan ƙirƙira na ƙirƙira, ƙirar simintin simintin gyare-gyare, da ƙirar filastik;
⑤ Ana amfani da shi don yankan, yankan, ƙarfafa ƙasa, zane-zane, bugu da alamun suna, da sauransu.
Electrochemical machining
Electrochemical machining wata hanya ce da ke amfani da ka'idar electrochemical na anodic narkar da karfe a cikin electrolyte zuwa siffar workpiece.
A workpiece an haɗa zuwa tabbatacce iyakacin duniya na wutar lantarki DC, da kayan aiki da aka haɗa zuwa korau iyakacin duniya, da kuma wani karamin rata (0.1mm ~ 0.8mm) da aka kiyaye tsakanin biyu sanduna. Electrolyte tare da wani matsa lamba (0.5MPa ~ 2.5MPa) yana gudana ta rata tsakanin sandunan biyu a babban gudun (15m / s ~ 60m / s).
Iyakar aikace-aikace: sarrafa ramuka, cavities, hadaddun profiles, kananan diamita zurfin ramuka, rifling, deburring, engraving, da dai sauransu.
sarrafa Laser
The Laser aiki na workpiece aka kammala ta Laser sarrafa inji. Na'urorin sarrafa Laser yawanci sun ƙunshi lasers, samar da wutar lantarki, tsarin gani da tsarin injina.
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: Zane na lu'u-lu'u ya mutu, agogon gem bearings, fatun fatun daban-daban na zanen huɗa mai sanyaya iska, ƙaramin ramuka na injin injectors, injin injin iska, da sauransu, da yanke kayan ƙarfe daban-daban da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba.
Ultrasonic aiki
Ultrasonic machining wata hanya ce da ke amfani da mita ultrasonic (16KHz ~ 25KHz) girgiza kayan aiki na ƙarshen fuska don tasiri da aka dakatar da abrasives a cikin ruwa mai aiki, da kuma tasirin barbashi mai tasiri da goge saman workpiece don aiwatar da aikin aikin.
Iyakar aikace-aikacen: kayan aiki masu wuyar yankewa
Manyan masana'antun aikace-aikacen
Gabaɗaya, sassan da CNC ke sarrafa suna da madaidaicin madaidaici, don haka sassan da aka sarrafa na CNC galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antu masu zuwa:
Jirgin sama
Aerospace yana buƙatar abubuwan da ke da daidaitattun daidaito da maimaitawa, gami da ruwan turbin a cikin injuna, kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don kera wasu kayan aikin, har ma da ɗakunan konewa da ake amfani da su a injin roka.
Gina motoci da injina
Masana'antar kera motoci na buƙatar ƙera madaidaicin gyare-gyare don simintin gyaran gyare-gyare (kamar injin hawa) ko sarrafa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi (kamar pistons). Na'ura mai nau'in gantry tana jefa nau'ikan yumbu waɗanda ake amfani da su a lokacin ƙirar motar.
Masana'antar soji
Masana'antun soja suna amfani da madaidaicin ma'auni tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun haƙuri, gami da abubuwan haɗin makami mai linzami, gangunan bindiga, da sauransu.
likita
Yawancin na'urorin da aka dasa na likitanci ana tsara su don dacewa da sifar sassan jikin mutum kuma dole ne a kera su daga manyan alloli. Tun da babu injinan hannu da ke da ikon samar da irin waɗannan siffofi, injinan CNC sun zama larura.
makamashi
Masana'antar makamashi ta mamaye dukkan fannonin aikin injiniya, daga injin tururi zuwa fasahohin da ba su dace ba kamar hadewar nukiliya. Tushen turbine yana buƙatar ingantattun ruwan injin turbin don kiyaye daidaito a cikin injin turbin. Siffar ramin hanawar plasma R&D a cikin haɗakar makaman nukiliya yana da rikitarwa sosai, an yi shi da kayan haɓakawa, kuma yana buƙatar tallafin injinan CNC.
Masana'antu sun ci gaba har zuwa yau, kuma bayan haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa, an samu dabarun sarrafawa iri-iri. Lokacin da ka zaɓi tsarin mashin ɗin, zaku iya la'akari da abubuwa da yawa: gami da siffar farfajiyar kayan aikin, daidaiton girman, daidaiton matsayi, rashin ƙarfi, da sauransu.
Ta hanyar zabar mafi dacewa tsari ne kawai za mu iya tabbatar da inganci da aiki yadda ya dace na workpiece tare da ƙaramin saka hannun jari, da haɓaka fa'idodin da aka samar.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-18-2024